Glaucoma/eye pressure/treatment/surgery/symptoms/causes/tests/sign

            GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma overview:

1. glaucoma history
2. what is glaucoma?
3. symptoms and sign
4. glaucoma causes
5. risk factors
6. Screening
7. glaucoma treatment
8. glaucoma tests

1. Glaucoma History:

          Glaucoma was first observes by Richard Bannister in 1622. He saw that the eye be grown more tight,strong and concrete. But in 1851 sir Herman Helmholtz  classify or describes the pathological hallmark of glaucoma the optical nerve head due to retinal ganglion cell loss. After some time later research find out  that insufficient blood supply low or irregular blood pressure to the retina and optical nerve head.

2. what is Glaucoma:

Glaucoma is a troop of eye infection which event in harm to the optical nerve and outcome vision loss. The biggest common type is open angle glaucoma, in which the sewerage angle for fluid with in the eye remains open but with low common types as well as closed angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma. 

           Open angle glaucoma built slowly over time and there is no pain. Peripheral vision may begin to decrease, followed by middle vision ,resulting in blindness if not treated. Closed Angle Glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly. 

                                        Involve severe eye pain ,blurred vision,mid dilated pupil,redness of the eye, and Vomiting Vision loss from glaucoma, once it has occupied, is permanent.

3. Symptoms and Sign:

• Redness of the eye
• Mid dilated pupil
• Eye pain
• Vomiting
• View or Vision fall or damage
•  Gradually progressive visual field loss
• Sudden ocular pain
• Seeing halos around lights
• very high intraocular pressure
• suddenly decreased vision

4. Glaucoma Causes:

       So many different  different causes for glaucoma, boost pressure with in the eye this is the most valuable  risk  factor in greater glaucoma but only 50% people with primary open-angle glaucoma absolutely have inflated ocular pressure.

                        Open-angle glaucoma accounts for 90% of glaucoma cases in the USA. Closed-angle glaucoma accounts for less than 10% of glaucoma cases in the usa , but as many as half of glaucoma cases in other nations particularly east asian countries.

  Nutrient:

              No proper data identify that lack vitamin causes glaucoma in humans bein, it follows that vitamin supplementation is not recommended treatment of glaucoma.

Genetics:

              A positive real family history is a risk factor for glaucoma. The corresponding risk of having primary open angle glaucoma is grow up about two or four fold for people who have a sibling with glaucoma. Glaucoma  particularly  primary open angle glaucoma, is associated with mutations in several genes, although most cases of glaucoma do not involve these genetic mutations. Normal tension glaucoma which comprise 33.33% of POAG is also associated with genetic mutations.

Nationality:

          Many people of East Asian slide are prone to developing angle closure glaucoma due to shallower formar chamber depths,with the most of cases of glaucoma in this population consisting of some form of angle closure.

                                 Others Asians such as south asians are also face down to advance angle closure glaucoma.

Remains Causes:

              Others risk factor can causes glaucoma known  as secondary glaucoma involve use of steroids, conditions that severely restrict blood flow to the eye, such as severe diabetic retinopathy and central retinal vein occlusion, angle-recession glaucoma and inflammation of the middle layer of the pigmented vascular eye structure knowes as uveitic glaucoma.

5. Risk factors:

• Increased pressure in the eye
• Family history
• High blood  pressure

6.    Screening:

             The United States Preventive Services Task Force stated as of 2013 that there was insufficient evidence to recommend  for or against screening for glaucoma. Therefore , there is no national screening program in the US. Screening, however recommend  starting at age 40 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology.

                                        There is a glaucoma screening program in the UK. Those at risk are advised to have a dilated eye examination at least once year.

7.Glaucoma Treatment:

             In present time aim of glaucomatous community  are to avoid glaucomatous damage and nerve damage , and integral visual field and total quality of life for patients, with minimal side effects.

Medication:

                  Intraocular pressure can be lowered with medication, usually eye drops. Several classes of medications are used to treat glaucoma, with several medications in each class.

                Each of these medicines may have local and systemic side effects.Poor compliance with medications and followup visit is a major reason for vision loss in glaucoma patients.

           Patient education and communication must be ongoing to sustain successful treatment plans for this lifelong disease with no early symptoms.

Laser:

ALT may be used to treat open angle glaucoma,  but this is a temporary solution,  not a cure. A 50 micro meter argon laser spot is aimed  at the trabecular meshwork to stimulate the opening of the mesh to allow more outflow of  aqueous fluid. Usually, half of the angle is treated at a time. 

Surgery:

             Both laser and conventional surgeries are performed to treat glaucoma. Surgery is the primary therapy for those with  congenital glaucoma. Generally these operations are a temporary solution, as there is not yet a cure for glaucoma.

Canaloplasty:

                Canaloplasty is a nonpenetrating procedure using microcatheter technology. To perform a canaloplasty, an incision is made into the eye to gain access to the schlemm's canal in a similar fashion to a viscocanalostomy.

                                          A microcatheter will circumnavigate the canal around the iris, enlarging the main drainage channel and its smaller collector channels through the injection of a sterile, gel-like material called viscoelastic. The catheter is then removed and a suture is placed within the canal and tightened.

 8.Glaucoma tests:

      Tonometry:

                     It mainly examines inner eye pressure may be eye drops  used to numb the eye and may be physical contact with the eye. Procedure is the examiner then uses a tonometer to measure the inner pressure of the eye  through pressure applied by a puff of warm air or a tiny tool .