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            GLAUCOMA Glaucoma overview: glaucoma history what is glaucoma? symptoms and sign glaucoma causes risk factors Screening glaucoma treatment glaucoma tests 1. Glaucoma History:           Glaucoma was first observes by Richard Bannister in 1622. He saw that the eye be grown more tight,strong and concrete. But in 1851 sir Herman Helmholtz  classify or describes the pathological hallmark of glaucoma the optical nerve head due to retinal ganglion cell loss. After some time later research find out  that insufficient blood supply low or irregular blood pressure to the retina and optical nerve head. 2. what is Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a troop of eye infection which event in harm to the optical nerve and outcome vision loss. The biggest common type is open angle glaucoma, in which the sewerage angle for fluid with in the eye remains open but with low common types as well as closed angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma.             Open angle glaucoma

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE CASE STUDY CASE STUDY ON  INTRACRANIAL  HEMORRHAGE THE CASE The case is of a fifty year old male who presented with sudden onset transient loss of consciousness, he was rushed to the the emergency room where he recovered.  when he recovered he had a severe headache, slurred speech and hemiparesis on his right half of his body.  A non-contrast CT-scan was done and showed the following. WHAT IS  INTRACRANIAL  HEMORRHAGE ? An intracranial hemorrhage is a type of bleeding that occurs inside the skull.  Symptoms include sudden tingling, weakness, numbness, paralysis, severe headache, difficulty with swallowing or vision, loss of balance or coordination, difficulty understanding, speaking , reading, or writing, and a change in level of consciousness or alertness, marked by stupor, lethargy, sleepiness, or coma.   Any type of bleeding inside the skull or brain is amedical emergency.

  NEUROANATOMY Things to Know u  Hydrocephalus ("hydro" meaning water, and "cephalus" referring to the head) :-A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) builds up within the ventricles of the brain and may increase pressure within the head. u  Causes of Hydrocephalus: Can be inherited genetically or may be associated with developmental disorders, including spina bifida (congenital defect of the spine) and encephalocele(hernia of the brain). u  Other causes can include q  Bleeding within the brain q  Brain tumors q  Head injuries, q  Complications of premature birth such as hemorrhage, or diseases     such as meningitis or other infections u  Hydrocephalus can occur at any age, but is most common in infants and adults age 60 and older. u  GRAVIDA :-No. of pregnancies that woman has had, regardless of outcome. u PARA:-No. of births that woman has had after around 20 weeks of gestation. u  VENTRICUL

WHAT IS MENINGITIS?         NEURO - ANATOMY General appearance § Infant is lethargic and appears ill § Whenever the mother would shift her way of her baby’s carry the baby would cry inconsolably. § There is bulging fontanelles and stiff neck. § Laboratory result shows abnormal CSF protein and CSF glucose level. § Normal CSF glucose level is 40-70 mg/dl but in laboratory result it’s 35 mg/dl. § Normal CSF protein level is 20-50 mg/dl but result shows elevated level with 65 mg/dl. § Bulging fontanelles and stiff neck also seems. § So according to laboratory result and sings shows that infant is suffering from meningitis. WHAT IS MENINGITIS? Meningitis is inflamation of the meningis. Meningisare three layer protecting brain and spinal cord. TYPES OF MENINGITIS Meningitis infiltrated by virus § Bacterial meningitis: Bacteria infiltrates the blood stream and travel to brain or spinal